Many forms of VAW, such as trafficking in women and forced prostitution are often perpetrated by organized criminal networks. Some forms of violence are perpetrated or condoned by the state such as war rape sexual violence and sexual slavery during conflict forced sterilization forced abortion violence by the police and authoritative personnel stoning and flogging. Some of the forms of violence perpetrated by individuals are rape domestic violence sexual harassment coercive use of contraceptives female infanticide prenatal sex selection obstetric violence and mob violence as well as harmful customary or traditional practices such as honor killings, dowry violence, female genital mutilation, marriage by abduction and forced marriage. These include violence carried out by “individuals” as well as “states”. Violence against women can fit into several broad categories. At least one out of every three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime with the abuser usually someone known to her. Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations, declared in a 2006 report posted on the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) website that: The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states that: “violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women” and that “violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.” This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because they are women.
Sometimes considered a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim’s gender as a primary motive. Violence against women (VAW) is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.
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